К какому типу сказок относится сказка царевна лягушка

К какому виду сказок относится «Царевна-лягушка»? Почему?

1 ответ:

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Сказка «Царевна — лягушка» является народной волшебной сказкой, ибо в этой сказке полно превращений и перевоплощений героев, есть большое количество волшебных предметов, коими больше всего пользуется сама околдованная царевна-лягушка. Плюс почти все волшебные народные сказки заканчиваются счастливо, как и эта сказка.

The Frog Princess
The Frog Tsarevna, Viktor Vasnetsov, 1918
Folk tale
Name	The Frog Princess
Aarne–Thompson grouping	ATU 402 («The Animal Bride»)
Region	Russia
Published in	Russian Fairy Tales by Alexander Afanasyev
Related	Puddocky The Three Feathers

Synopsis[edit]

The king (or an old peasant woman, in Lang’s version) wants his three sons to marry. To accomplish this, he creates a test to help them find brides. The king tells each prince to shoot an arrow. According to the King’s rules, each prince will find his bride where the arrow lands. The youngest son’s arrow is picked up by a frog. The king assigns his three prospective daughters-in-law various tasks, such as spinning cloth and baking bread. In every task, the frog far outperforms the two other lazy brides-to-be. In some versions, the frog uses magic to accomplish the tasks, and though the other brides attempt to emulate the frog, they cannot perform the magic. Still, the young prince is ashamed of his frog bride until she is magically transformed into a human princess.

In Calvino’s version, the princes use slings rather than bows and arrows. In the Greek version, the princes set out to find their brides one by one; the older two are already married by the time the youngest prince starts his quest. Another variation involves the sons chopping down trees and heading in the direction pointed by them in order to find their brides.^[4]

Ivan-Tsarevitch finds the frog in the swamp. Art by Ivan Bilibin

In the Russian versions of the story, Prince Ivan and his two older brothers shoot arrows in different directions to find brides. The other brothers’ arrows land in the houses of the daughters of an aristocrat and a wealthy merchant, respectively. Ivan’s arrow lands in the mouth of a frog in a swamp, who turns into a princess at night. The Frog Princess, named Vasilisa the Wise, is a beautiful, intelligent, friendly, skilled young woman, who was forced to spend three years in a frog’s skin for disobeying Koschei. Her final test may be to dance at the king’s banquet. The Frog Princess sheds her skin, and the prince then burns it, to her dismay. Had the prince been patient, the Frog Princess would have been freed but instead he loses her. He then sets out to find her again and meets with Baba Yaga, whom he impresses with his spirit, asking why she has not offered him hospitality. She tells him that Koschei is holding his bride captive and explains how to find the magic needle needed to rescue his bride. In another version, the prince’s bride flies into Baba Yaga’s hut as a bird. The prince catches her, she turns into a lizard, and he cannot hold on. Baba Yaga rebukes him and sends him to her sister, where he fails again. However, when he is sent to the third sister, he catches her and no transformations can break her free again.

In some versions of the story, the Frog Princess’ transformation is a reward for her good nature. In one version, she is transformed by witches for their amusement. In yet another version, she is revealed to have been an enchanted princess all along.

Analysis[edit]

Tale type[edit]

The Russian tale is classified — and gives its name — to tale type SUS 402, «Russian: Царевна-лягушка, romanized: Tsarevna-lyagushka, lit. ‘Princess-Frog'», of the East Slavic Folktale Catalogue (Russian: СУС, romanized: SUS).^[5] According to Lev Barag [ru], the East Slavic type 402 «frequently continues» as type 400: the hero burns the princess’s animal skin and she disappears.^[6]

Russian researcher Varvara Dobrovolskaya stated that type SUS 402, «Frog Tsarevna», figures among some of the popular tales of enchanted spouses in the Russian tale corpus.^[7] In some Russian variants, as soon as the hero burns the skin of his wife, the Frog Tsarevna, she says she must depart to Koschei’s realm,^[8] prompting a quest for her (tale type ATU 400, «The Man on a Quest for the Lost Wife»).^[9] Jack Haney stated that the combination of types 402, «Animal Bride», and 400, «Quest for the Lost Wife», is a common combination in Russian tales.^[10]

Species of animal bride[edit]

Researcher Carole G. Silver states that, apart from bird and fish maidens, the animal bride appears as a frog in Burma, Russia, Austria and Italy; a dog in India and in North America, and a mouse in Sri Lanka.^[11]

Professor Anna Angelopoulos noted that the animal wife in the Eastern Mediterranean is a turtle, which is the same animal of Greek variants.^[12] In the same vein, Greek scholar Georgios A. Megas [el] noted that similar aquatic beings (seals, sea urchin) and water-related entities (gorgonas, nymphs, neraidas) appear in the Greek oikotype of type 402.^[13]

Yolando Pino-Saavedra [es] located the frog, the toad and the monkey as animal brides in variants from the Iberian Peninsula, and from Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking areas in the Americas.^[14]

Role of the animal bride[edit]

The tale is classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as ATU 402, «The Animal Bride». According to Andreas John, this tale type is considered to be a «male-centered» narrative. However, in East Slavic variants, the Frog Maiden assumes more of a protagonistic role along with her intended.^[15] Likewise, scholar Maria Tatar describes the frog heroine as «resourceful, enterprising, and accomplished», whose amphibian skin is burned by her husband, and she has to depart to regions unknown. The story, then, delves into the husband’s efforts to find his wife, ending with a happy reunion for the couple.^[16]

On the other hand, Barbara Fass Leavy draws attention to the role of the frog wife in female tasks, like cooking and weaving. It is her exceptional domestic skills that impress her father-in-law and ensure her husband inherits the kingdom.^[17]

Maxim Fomin sees «intricate meanings» in the objects the frog wife produces at her husband’s request (a loaf of bread decorated with images of his father’s realm; the carpet depicting the whole kingdom), which Fomin associated with «regal semantics».^[18]

A totemic figure?[edit]

Analysing Armenian variants of the tale type where the frog appears as the bride, Armenian scholarship suggests that the frog bride is a totemic figure, and represents a magical disguise of mermaids and magical beings connected to rain and humidity.^[19]

Likewise, Russian scholarship (e.g., Vladimir Propp and Yeleazar Meletinsky) has argued for the totemic character of the frog princess.^[20] Propp, for instance, described her dance at the court as some sort of «ritual dance»: she waves her arms and forests and lakes appear, and flocks of birds fly about.^[21] Charles Fillingham Coxwell [de] also associated these human-animal marriages to totem ancestry, and cited the Russian tale as one example of such.^[22]

In his work about animal symbolism in Slavic culture, Russian philologist Aleksandr V. Gura [ru] stated that the frog and the toad are linked to female attributes, like magic and wisdom.^[23] In addition, according to ethnologist Ljubinko Radenkovich [sr], the frog and the toad represent liminal creatures that live between land and water realms, and are considered to be imbued with (often negative) magical properties in Slavic folklore.^[24] In some variants, the Frog Princess is the daughter of Koschei, the Deathless,^[25] and Baba Yaga — sorcerous characters with immense magical power who appear in Slavic folklore in adversarial position. This familial connection, then, seems to reinforce the magical, supernatural origin of the Frog Princess.^[26]

Other motifs[edit]

Georgios A. Megas noted two distinctive introductory episodes: the shooting of arrows appears in Greek, Slavic, Turkish, Finnish, Arabic and Indian variants, while following the feathers is a Western European occurrence.^[27]

Variants[edit]

Andrew Lang included an Italian variant of the tale, titled The Frog in The Violet Fairy Book.^[28] Italo Calvino included another Italian variant from Piedmont, The Prince Who Married a Frog, in Italian Folktales,^[29] where he noted that the tale was common throughout Europe.^[30] Georgios A. Megas included a Greek variant, The Enchanted Lake, in Folktales of Greece.^[31]

In a variant from northern Moldavia collected and published by Romanian author Elena Niculiță-Voronca, the bride selection contest replaces the feather and arrow for shooting bullets, and the frog bride commands the elements (the wind, the rain and the frost) to fulfill the three bridal tasks.^[32]

Russia[edit]

The oldest attestation of the tale type in Russia is in a 1787 compilation of fairy tales, published by one Petr Timofeev.^[33] In this tale, titled «Сказка девятая, о лягушке и богатыре» (English: «Tale nr. 9: About the frog and the bogatyr»), a widowed king has three sons, and urges them to find wives by shooting three arrows at random, and to marry whoever they find on the spot the arrows land on. The youngest son, Ivan Bogatyr, shoots his, and it takes him some time to find it again. He walks through a vast swamp and finds a large hut, with a large frog inside, holding his arrow. The frog presses Ivan to marry it, lest he will not leave the swamp. Ivan agrees, and it takes off the frog skin to become a beautiful maiden. Later, the king asks his daughters-in-law to weave him a fine linen shirt and a beautiful carpet with gold, silver and silk, and finally to bake him delicious bread. Ivan’s frog wife summons the winds to help her in both sewing tasks. Lastly, the king invites his daughters-in-law to the palace, and the frog wife takes off the frog skin, leaves it at home and goes on a golden carriage. While she dances and impresses the court, Ivan goes back home and burns her frog skin. The maiden realizes her husband’s folly and, saying her name is Vasilisa the Wise, tells him she will vanish to a distant kingdom and begs him to find her.^[34]

Czech Republic[edit]

In a Czech variant translated by Jeremiah Curtin, The Mouse-Hole, and the Underground Kingdom, prince Yarmil and his brothers are to seek wives and bring to the king their presents in a year and a day. Yarmil and his brothers shoot arrow to decide their fates, Yarmil’s falls into a mouse-hole. The prince enters the mouse hole, finds a splendid castle and an ugly toad he must bathe for a year and a day. When the date is through, he returns to his father with the toad’s magnificent present: a casket with a small mirror inside. This repeats two more times: on the second year, Yarmil brings the princess’s portrait and on the third year the princess herself. She reveals she was the toad, changed into amphibian form by an evil wizard, and that Yarmil helped her break this curse, on the condition that he must never reveal her cursed state to anyone, specially to his mother. He breaks this prohibition one night and she disappears. Yarmil, then, goes on a quest for her all the way to the glass mountain (tale type ATU 400, «The Quest for the Lost Wife»).^[35]

Ukraine[edit]

In a Ukrainian variant collected by M. Dragomanov, titled «Жена-жаба» («The Frog Wife» or «The Frog Woman»), a king shoots three bullets to three different locations, the youngest son follows and finds a frog. He marries it and discovers it is a beautiful princess. After he burns the frog skin, she disappears, and the prince must seek her.^[36]

In another Ukrainian variant, the Frog Princess is a maiden named Maria, daughter of the Sea Tsar and cursed into frog form. The tale begins much the same: the three arrows, the marriage between human prince and frog and the three tasks. When the human tsar announces a grand ball to which his sons and his wives are invited, Maria takes off her frog skin to appear as human. While she is in the tsar’s ballroom, her husband hurries back home and burns the frog skin. When she comes home, she reveals the prince her cursed state would soon be over, says he needs to find Baba Yaga in a remote kingdom, and vanishes from sight in the form of a cuckoo. The tale continues as tale type ATU 313, «The Magical Flight», like the Russian tale of The Sea Tsar and Vasilisa the Wise.^[37]

Finland[edit]

Finnish author Eero Salmelainen [fi] collected a Finnish tale with the title Sammakko morsiamena (English: «The Frog Bride»), and translated into French as Le Cendrillon et sa fiancée, la grenouille («The Male Cinderella and his bride, the frog»). In this tale, a king has three sons, the youngest named Tuhkimo (a male Cinderella; from Finnish tuhka, «ashes»). One day, the king organizes a bride selection test for his sons: they are to aim his bows and shoot arrows at random directions, and marry the woman that they will find with the arrow. Tuhkimo’s arrow lands near a frog and he takes it as his bride. The king sets three tasks for his prospective daughters-in-law: to prepare the food and to sew garments. While prince Tuhkimo is aleep, his frog fiancée takes off her frog skin, becomes a human maiden and summons her eight sisters to her house: eight swans fly in through the window, take off their swanskins and become humans. Tuhkimo discovers his bride’s transformation and burns the amphibian skin. The princess laments the fact, since her mother cursed her and her eight sisters, and in three nights time the curse would have been lifted. The princess then changes into a swan and flies away with her swan sisters. Tuhkimo follows her and meets an old widow, who directs him to a lake, in three days journey. Tuhkimo finds the lake, and he waits. Nine swans come, take off their skins to become human women and bathe in the lake. Tuhkimo hides his bride’s swanskin. She comes out of the water and cannot find her swanskin. Tuhkimo appears to her and she tells him he must come to her father’s palace and identify her among her sisters.^[38]^[39]

Azerbaijan[edit]

In the Azerbaijani version of the fairy tale, the princes do not shoot arrows to choose their fiancées, they hit girls with apples.^[40] And indeed, there was such a custom among the Mongols living in the territory of present-day Azerbaijan in the 17th century.^[41]

Poland[edit]

In a Polish from Masuria collected by Max Toeppen with the title Die Froschprinzessin («The Frog Princess»), a landlord has three sons, the elder two smart and the youngest, Hans (Janek in the Polish text), a fool. One day, the elder two decide to leave home to learn a trade and find wives, and their foolish little brother wants to do so. The two elders and Hans go their separate ways in a crossroads, and Hans loses his way in the woods, without food, and the berries of the forest not enough to sate his hunger. Luckily for him, he finds a hut in the distance, where a little frog lives. Hans tells the little animal he wants to find work, and the frog agrees to hire him, his only job is to carry the frog on a satin pillow, and he shall have drink and food. One day, the youth sighs that his brothers are probably returning home with gifts for their mother, and he has none to show them. The little frog tells Hans to sleep and, in the next morning, to knock three times on the stable door with a wand; he will find a beautiful horse he can ride home, and a little box. Hans goes back home with the horse and gives the little box to his mother; inside, a beautiful dress of gold and diamond buttons. Hans’s brothers question the legitimate origin of the dress. Some time later, the brothers go back to their masters and promise to return with their brides. Hans goes back to the little frog’s hut and mopes that his brother have bride to introduce to his family, while he has the frog. The frog tells him not to worry, and to knock on the stable again. Hans does that and a carriage appears with a princess inside, who is the frog herself. The princess asks Hans to take her to his parents, but not let her put anything on her mouth during dinner. Hans and the princess go to his parents’ house, and he fulfills the princess’s request, despite some grievaance from his parents and brothers. Finally, the princess turns back into a frog and tells Hans he has a last challenge before he redeems her: Hans will have to face three nights of temptations, dance, music and women in the first; counts and nobles who wish to crown him king in the second; and executioners who wish to kill him in the third. Hans endures and braves each night, awakening in the fourth day in a large castle. The princess, fully redeemed, tells him the castle is theirs, and she is his wife.^[42]

In another Polish tale, collected by collector Antoni Józef Gliński [pl] and translated into English by translator Maude Ashurst Biggs as The Frog Princess, a king wishes to see his three sons married before they eventually ascend to the throne. So, the next day, the princes prepare to shoot three arrows at random, and to marry the girls that live wherever the arrows land. The first two find human wives, while the youngest’s arrow falls in the margins of the lake. A frog, sat on it, agrees to return the prince’s arrow, in exchange for becoming his wife. The prince questions the frog’s decision, but she advises him to tell his family he married an Eastern lady who must be only seen by her beloved. Eventually, the king asks his sons to bring him carpet woven by his daughters-in-law. The little frog summons «seven lovely maidens» to help her weave the carpet. Next, the king asks for a cake to be baked by his daughters-in-law, and the little frog bakes a delicious cake for the king. Surprised by the frog’s hidden talents, the prince asks her about them, and she reveals she is, in fact, a princess underneath the frog skin, a disguise created by her mother, the magical Queen of Light, to keep her safe from her enemies. The king then summons his sons and his daughters-in-law for a banquet at the palace. The little frog tells the prince to go first, and, when his father asks about her, it will begin to rain; when it lightens, he is to tell her she is adorning herself; and when it thunders, she is coming to the palace. It happens thus, and the prince introduces his bride to his father, and whispers in his ear about the frogskin. The king suggests his son burns the frogskin. The prince follows through with the suggestion and tells his bride about it. The princess cries bitter tears and, while he is asleep, turns into a duck and flies away. The prince wakes the next morning and begins a quest to find the kingdom of the Queen of Light. In his quest, he passes by the houses of three witches named Jandza, which spin on chicken legs. Each of the Jandzas tells him that the princess flies in their huts in duck form, and the prince must hide himself to get her back. He fails in the first two houses, due to her shapeshifting into other animals to escape, but gets her in the third. They reconcile and return to his father’s kingdom.^[43]

Other regions[edit]

Researchers Nora Marks Dauenhauer and Richard L. Dauenhauer found a variant titled Yuwaan Gagéets, heard during Nora’s childhood from a Tlingit storyteller. They identified the tale as belonging to the tale type ATU 402 (and a second part as ATU 400, «The Quest for the Lost Wife») and noted its resemblance to the Russian story, trying to trace its appearance in the teller’s repertoire.^[44]

Adaptations[edit]

A literary treatment of the tale was published as The Wise Princess (A Russian Tale) in The Blue Rose Fairy Book (1911), by Maurice Baring.^[45]
A translation of the story by illustrator Katherine Pyle was published with the title The Frog Princess (A Russian Story).^[46]
Vasilisa the Beautiful, a 1939 Soviet film directed by Aleksandr Rou, is based on this plot. It was the first large-budget feature in the Soviet Union to use fantasy elements, as opposed to the realistic style long favored politically.^[47]
In 1953 the director Mikhail Tsekhanovsky had the idea of animating this popular national fairy tale. Production took two years, and the premiere took place in December, 1954. At present the film is included in the gold classics of «Soyuzmultfilm».
Vasilisa the Beautiful, a 1977 Soviet animated film is also based on this fairy tale.
In 1996, an animated Russian version based on an in-depth version of the tale in the film «Classic Fairy Tales From Around the World» on VHS. This version tells of how the beautiful Princess Vasilisa was kidnapped and cursed by the evil wizard Kashay to make her his bride and only the love of the handsome Prince Ivan can free her.
Taking inspiration from the Russian story, Vasilisa appears to assist Hellboy against Koschei in the 2007 comic book Hellboy: Darkness Calls.
The Frog Princess was featured in Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child, where it was depicted in a country setting. The episode features the voice talents of Jasmine Guy as Frog Princess Lylah, Greg Kinnear as Prince Gavin, Wallace Langham as Prince Bobby, Mary Gross as Elise, and Beau Bridges as King Big Daddy.
A Hungarian variant of the tale was adapted into an episode of the Hungarian television series Magyar népmesék («Hungarian Folk Tales») (hu), with the title Marci és az elátkozott királylány («Martin and the Cursed Princess»).
«Wildwood Dancing,» a 2007 fantasy novel by Juliet Marillier, expands the princess and the frog theme.^[48]

Culture[edit]

Music

The Divine Comedy’s 1997 single The Frog Princess is loosely based on the theme of the original Frog Princess story, interwoven with the narrator’s personal experiences.

References[edit]

^ Georgias A. Megas, Folktales of Greece, p 224, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1970
^ D. L. Ashliman, «Animal Brides: folktales of Aarne–Thompson type 402 and related stories»
^ Works related to The Frog-Tzarevna at Wikisource
^ Out of the Everywhere: New Tales for Canada, Jan Andrews
^ Barag, Lev. «Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка». Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. p. 128.
^ Barag, Lev. «Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка». Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. p. 128.
^ Dobrovolskaya, Varvara. «PLOT No. 425A OF COMPARATIVE INDEX OF PLOTS (“CUPID AND PSYCHE”) IN RUSSIAN FOLK-TALE TRADITION». In: Traditional culture. 2017. Vol. 18. № 3 (67). p. 139.
^ Johns, Andreas. 2000. “The Image of Koshchei Bessmertnyi in East Slavic Folklore”. In: FOLKLORICA — Journal of the Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Folklore Association 5 (1): 8. https://doi.org/10.17161/folklorica.v5i1.3647.
^ Kobayashi, Fumihiko (2007). «The Forbidden Love in Nature. Analysis of the «Animal Wife» Folktale in Terms of Content Level, Structural Level, and Semantic Level». Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore. 36: 144–145. doi:10.7592/FEJF2007.36.kobayashi.
^ Haney, Jack V. The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas’ev. Volume II: Black Art and the Neo-Ancestral Impulse. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. 2015. p. 548. muse.jhu.edu/book/42506.
^ Silver, Carole G. «Animal Brides and Grooms: Marriage of Person to Animal Motif B600, and Animal Paramour, Motif B610». In: Jane Garry and Hasan El-Shamy (eds.). Archetypes and Motifs in Folklore and Literature. A Handbook. Armonk / London: M.E. Sharpe, 2005. p. 94.
^ Angelopoulos, Anna. «La fille de Thalassa». In: ELO N. 11/12 (2005): 17 (footnote nr. 5), 29 (footnote nr. 47). http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/1607
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^ Fomin, Maxim. «The Land Acquisition Motif in the Irish and Russian Folklore Traditions». In: Studia Celto-Slavica 3 (2010): 259 (footnote nr. 9). DOI: https://doi.org/10.54586/HXAR3954.
^ Propp, V. Theory and history of folklore. Theory and history of literature v. 5. University of Minnesota Press, 1984. p. 143. ISBN 0-8166-1180-7.
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^ Гура, Александр Викторович. «Символика животных в славянской народной традиции» [Animal Symbolism in Slavic folk traditions]. М: Индрик, 1997. pp. 380-382. ISBN 5-85759-056-6.
^ Radenkovic, Ljubinko. «Митолошки елементи у словенским народним представама о жаби» [Mythological Elements in Slavic Notions of Frogs]. In: Заједничко у словенском фолклору: зборник радова [Common Elements in Slavic Folklore: Collected Papers, 2012]. Београд: Балканолошки институт САНУ, 2012. pp. 379-397. ISBN 978–86–7179-074–1 Parameter error in {{ISBN}}: invalid character.
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^ Kovalchuk Lidia Petrovna (2015). «Comparative research of blends frog-woman and toad-woman in Russian and English folktales». In: Russian Linguistic Bulletin, (3 (3)), 14-15. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/comparative-research-of-blends-frog-woman-and-toad-woman-in-russian-and-english-folktales (дата обращения: 17.11.2021).
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^ «Царевич и лягушка». Фольклор Азербайджана и прилегающих стран. Vol. 1. Баку: Изд-во АзГНИИ. Азербайджанский государственный научно-исследовательский ин-т, Отд-ние языка, литературы и искусства (под ред. А. В. Багрия). 1930. pp. 30–33.
^ Челеби Э. (1983). «Описание крепости Шеки/О жизни племени ит-тиль». Книга путешествия. (Извлечения из сочинения турецкого путешественника ХVII века). Вып. 3. Земли Закавказья и сопредельных областей Малой Азии и Ирана. Москва: Наука. p. 159.
^ Toeppen, Max. Aberglauben aus Masuren, mit einem Anhange, enthaltend: Masurische Sagen und Mährchen. Danzig: Th. Bertling, 1867. pp. 158-162.
^ Polish Fairy Tales. Translated from A. J. Glinski by Maude Ashurst Biggs. New York: John Lane Company. 1920. pp. 1-15.
^ Dauenhauer, Nora Marks and Dauenhauer, Richard L. «Tracking “Yuwaan Gagéets”: A Russian Fairy Tale in Tlingit Oral Tradition». In: Oral Tradition, 13/1 (1998): 58-91.
^ Baring, Maurice. The Blue Rose Fairy Book. New York: Maude, Dodd and Company. 1911. pp. 247-260.
^ Pyle, Katherine. Tales of folk and fairies. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 1919. pp. 137-158.
^ James Graham, Baba Yaga in Film^[Usurped!]
^ https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13929.Wildwood_Dancing

External links[edit]

The Frog Princess on YouTube
The Wise Princess (The Blue Rose Fairy Book) from Project Gutenberg
The Frog Princess (Ukrainian Folk Tale)
The Frog Princess (Polish Folk Tale)
The Frog Princess (Chinese Folk Tale)

Источник

The Frog Princess
The Frog Tsarevna, Viktor Vasnetsov, 1918
Folk tale
Name	The Frog Princess
Aarne–Thompson grouping	ATU 402 («The Animal Bride»)
Region	Russia
Published in	Russian Fairy Tales by Alexander Afanasyev
Related	Puddocky The Three Feathers

Synopsis[edit]

Ivan-Tsarevitch finds the frog in the swamp. Art by Ivan Bilibin

Analysis[edit]

Tale type[edit]

Species of animal bride[edit]

Role of the animal bride[edit]

A totemic figure?[edit]

Other motifs[edit]

Variants[edit]

Russia[edit]

Czech Republic[edit]

Ukraine[edit]

Finland[edit]

Azerbaijan[edit]

Poland[edit]

Other regions[edit]

Adaptations[edit]

A literary treatment of the tale was published as The Wise Princess (A Russian Tale) in The Blue Rose Fairy Book (1911), by Maurice Baring.^[45]
A translation of the story by illustrator Katherine Pyle was published with the title The Frog Princess (A Russian Story).^[46]
Vasilisa the Beautiful, a 1939 Soviet film directed by Aleksandr Rou, is based on this plot. It was the first large-budget feature in the Soviet Union to use fantasy elements, as opposed to the realistic style long favored politically.^[47]
In 1953 the director Mikhail Tsekhanovsky had the idea of animating this popular national fairy tale. Production took two years, and the premiere took place in December, 1954. At present the film is included in the gold classics of «Soyuzmultfilm».
Vasilisa the Beautiful, a 1977 Soviet animated film is also based on this fairy tale.
In 1996, an animated Russian version based on an in-depth version of the tale in the film «Classic Fairy Tales From Around the World» on VHS. This version tells of how the beautiful Princess Vasilisa was kidnapped and cursed by the evil wizard Kashay to make her his bride and only the love of the handsome Prince Ivan can free her.
Taking inspiration from the Russian story, Vasilisa appears to assist Hellboy against Koschei in the 2007 comic book Hellboy: Darkness Calls.
The Frog Princess was featured in Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child, where it was depicted in a country setting. The episode features the voice talents of Jasmine Guy as Frog Princess Lylah, Greg Kinnear as Prince Gavin, Wallace Langham as Prince Bobby, Mary Gross as Elise, and Beau Bridges as King Big Daddy.
A Hungarian variant of the tale was adapted into an episode of the Hungarian television series Magyar népmesék («Hungarian Folk Tales») (hu), with the title Marci és az elátkozott királylány («Martin and the Cursed Princess»).
«Wildwood Dancing,» a 2007 fantasy novel by Juliet Marillier, expands the princess and the frog theme.^[48]

Culture[edit]

Music

The Divine Comedy’s 1997 single The Frog Princess is loosely based on the theme of the original Frog Princess story, interwoven with the narrator’s personal experiences.

References[edit]

^ Georgias A. Megas, Folktales of Greece, p 224, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1970
^ D. L. Ashliman, «Animal Brides: folktales of Aarne–Thompson type 402 and related stories»
^ Works related to The Frog-Tzarevna at Wikisource
^ Out of the Everywhere: New Tales for Canada, Jan Andrews
^ Barag, Lev. «Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка». Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. p. 128.
^ Barag, Lev. «Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка». Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. p. 128.
^ Dobrovolskaya, Varvara. «PLOT No. 425A OF COMPARATIVE INDEX OF PLOTS (“CUPID AND PSYCHE”) IN RUSSIAN FOLK-TALE TRADITION». In: Traditional culture. 2017. Vol. 18. № 3 (67). p. 139.
^ Johns, Andreas. 2000. “The Image of Koshchei Bessmertnyi in East Slavic Folklore”. In: FOLKLORICA — Journal of the Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Folklore Association 5 (1): 8. https://doi.org/10.17161/folklorica.v5i1.3647.
^ Kobayashi, Fumihiko (2007). «The Forbidden Love in Nature. Analysis of the «Animal Wife» Folktale in Terms of Content Level, Structural Level, and Semantic Level». Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore. 36: 144–145. doi:10.7592/FEJF2007.36.kobayashi.
^ Haney, Jack V. The Complete Folktales of A. N. Afanas’ev. Volume II: Black Art and the Neo-Ancestral Impulse. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. 2015. p. 548. muse.jhu.edu/book/42506.
^ Silver, Carole G. «Animal Brides and Grooms: Marriage of Person to Animal Motif B600, and Animal Paramour, Motif B610». In: Jane Garry and Hasan El-Shamy (eds.). Archetypes and Motifs in Folklore and Literature. A Handbook. Armonk / London: M.E. Sharpe, 2005. p. 94.
^ Angelopoulos, Anna. «La fille de Thalassa». In: ELO N. 11/12 (2005): 17 (footnote nr. 5), 29 (footnote nr. 47). http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/1607
^ Angelopoulou, Anna; Broskou, Aigle. «ΕΠΕΞΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΠΑΡΑΜΥΘΙΑΚΩΝ ΤΥΠΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΠΑΡΑΛΛΑΓΩΝ AT 300-499». Tome B: AT 400-499. Athens, Greece: ΚΕΝΤΡΟ ΝΕΟΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΩΝ ΕΡΕΥΝΩΝ Ε.Ι.Ε. 1999. p. 540.
^ Pino Saavedra, Yolando. Folktales of Chile. [Chicago:] University of Chicago Press, 1967. p. 258.
^ Johns, Andreas. Baba Yaga: The Ambiguous Mother and Witch of the Russian Folktale. New York: Peter Lang. 2010 [2004]. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-8204-6769-6.
^ Tatar, Maria. The Classic Fairy Tales: Texts, Criticism. Norton Critical Edition. Norton, 1999. p. 31. ISBN 9780393972771
^ Leavy, Barbara Fass. In Search of the Swan Maiden: A Narrative on Folklore and Gender. NYU Press, 1994. pp. 204, 207, 212. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg995.9.
^ Fomin, Maxim. «The Land Acquisition Motif in the Irish and Russian Folklore Traditions». In: Studia Celto-Slavica 3 (2010): 259-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54586/HXAR3954.
^ Hayrapetyan Tamar. «Combinaisons archétipales dans les epopees orales et les contes merveilleux armeniens». Traduction par Léon Ketcheyan. In: Revue des etudes Arméniennes tome 39 (2020). pp. 499-500 and footnote nr. 141.
^ Fomin, Maxim. «The Land Acquisition Motif in the Irish and Russian Folklore Traditions». In: Studia Celto-Slavica 3 (2010): 259 (footnote nr. 9). DOI: https://doi.org/10.54586/HXAR3954.
^ Propp, V. Theory and history of folklore. Theory and history of literature v. 5. University of Minnesota Press, 1984. p. 143. ISBN 0-8166-1180-7.
^ Coxwell, C. F. Siberian And Other Folk Tales. London: The C. W. Daniel Company, 1925. p. 252.
^ Гура, Александр Викторович. «Символика животных в славянской народной традиции» [Animal Symbolism in Slavic folk traditions]. М: Индрик, 1997. pp. 380-382. ISBN 5-85759-056-6.
^ Radenkovic, Ljubinko. «Митолошки елементи у словенским народним представама о жаби» [Mythological Elements in Slavic Notions of Frogs]. In: Заједничко у словенском фолклору: зборник радова [Common Elements in Slavic Folklore: Collected Papers, 2012]. Београд: Балканолошки институт САНУ, 2012. pp. 379-397. ISBN 978–86–7179-074–1 Parameter error in {{ISBN}}: invalid character.
^ Fomin, Maxim. «The Land Acquisition Motif in the Irish and Russian Folklore Traditions». In: Studia Celto-Slavica 3 (2010): 260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54586/HXAR3954.
^ Kovalchuk Lidia Petrovna (2015). «Comparative research of blends frog-woman and toad-woman in Russian and English folktales». In: Russian Linguistic Bulletin, (3 (3)), 14-15. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/comparative-research-of-blends-frog-woman-and-toad-woman-in-russian-and-english-folktales (дата обращения: 17.11.2021).
^ Megas, Geōrgios A. Folktales of Greece. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1970. p. 224.
^ Andrew Lang, The Violet Fairy Book, «The Frog»
^ Italo Calvino, Italian Folktales p 438 ISBN 0-15-645489-0
^ Italo Calvino, Italian Folktales p 718 ISBN 0-15-645489-0
^ Georgias A. Megas, Folktales of Greece, p 49, University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 1970
^ Ciubotaru, Silvia. «Elena Niculiţă-Voronca şi basmele fantastice» [Elena Niculiţă-Voronca and the Fantastic Fairy Tales]. In: Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Moldovei [The Yearly Review of the Ethnographic Museum of Moldavia] 18/2018. p. 158. ISSN 1583-6819.
^ Barag, Lev. «Сравнительный указатель сюжетов. Восточнославянская сказка». Leningrad: НАУКА, 1979. pp. 46 (source), 128 (entry).
^ Русские сказки в ранних записях и публикациях». Л.: Наука, 1971. pp. 203-213.
^ Curtin, Jeremiah. Myths and Folk-tales of the Russians, Western Slavs, and Magyars. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 1890. pp. 331–355.
^ Драгоманов, М (M. Dragomanov).»Малорусские народные предания и рассказы». 1876. pp. 313-317.
^ Dixon-Kennedy, Mike (1998). Encyclopedia of Russian and Slavic Myth and Legend. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 179-181. ISBN 9781576070635.
^ Salmelainen, Eero. Suomen kansan satuja ja tarinoita. II Osa. Helsingissä: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. 1871. pp. 118–127.
^ Beauvois, Eugéne. Contes populaires de la Norvège, de la Finlande & de la Bourgogne, etc. Paris: E. Dentu, Éditeur. 1862. pp. 180–193.
^ «Царевич и лягушка». Фольклор Азербайджана и прилегающих стран. Vol. 1. Баку: Изд-во АзГНИИ. Азербайджанский государственный научно-исследовательский ин-т, Отд-ние языка, литературы и искусства (под ред. А. В. Багрия). 1930. pp. 30–33.
^ Челеби Э. (1983). «Описание крепости Шеки/О жизни племени ит-тиль». Книга путешествия. (Извлечения из сочинения турецкого путешественника ХVII века). Вып. 3. Земли Закавказья и сопредельных областей Малой Азии и Ирана. Москва: Наука. p. 159.
^ Toeppen, Max. Aberglauben aus Masuren, mit einem Anhange, enthaltend: Masurische Sagen und Mährchen. Danzig: Th. Bertling, 1867. pp. 158-162.
^ Polish Fairy Tales. Translated from A. J. Glinski by Maude Ashurst Biggs. New York: John Lane Company. 1920. pp. 1-15.
^ Dauenhauer, Nora Marks and Dauenhauer, Richard L. «Tracking “Yuwaan Gagéets”: A Russian Fairy Tale in Tlingit Oral Tradition». In: Oral Tradition, 13/1 (1998): 58-91.
^ Baring, Maurice. The Blue Rose Fairy Book. New York: Maude, Dodd and Company. 1911. pp. 247-260.
^ Pyle, Katherine. Tales of folk and fairies. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. 1919. pp. 137-158.
^ James Graham, Baba Yaga in Film^[Usurped!]
^ https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13929.Wildwood_Dancing

External links[edit]

The Frog Princess on YouTube
The Wise Princess (The Blue Rose Fairy Book) from Project Gutenberg
The Frog Princess (Ukrainian Folk Tale)
The Frog Princess (Polish Folk Tale)
The Frog Princess (Chinese Folk Tale)

Источник

Тестовые задания по сказке «Царевна-лягушка»

Правильный вариант ответа отмечен знаком +

1. К какому виду сказок относится сказка о Царевне-лягушке?

А) Сказки о животных

+ Б) Волшебные сказки

В) Социально-бытовые сказки

Г) Небылицы

2. Из фольклора какого народа появилась сказка «Царевна-лягушка»?

+ А) Русского

Б) Английского

В) Итальянского

Г) Немецкого

3. Сколько сыновей было у царя?

А) Один

Б) Два

+ В) Три

Г) Четыре

4. Какое задание царь дал своим сыновьям?

А) Принести молодильные яблоки

Б) Найти живую и мёртвую воду

В) Поймать жар-птицу

+ Г) Найти невесту

5. Кто из братьев женился на купеческой дочке?

А) Старший сын

+ Б) Средний сын

В) Младший сын

Г) Никто не женился

6. Как звали царевну-лягушку?

+ А) Василиса Премудрая

Б) Елена Прекрасная

В) Елена Премудрая

Г) Марья Искусница

7. Какое дал царь первое задание для жён своих сыновей?

А) Приготовить пироги

Б) Вышить рубаху

+ В) Испечь хлеб

Г) Приехать на пир

8. Какое задание царя показано на изображении?

А) Нарисовать картину

Б) Вышить рушник

В) Вышить скатерть

+ Г) Выткать ковёр

9. Как подъехала к дворцу карета с царевной-лягушкой?

А) Незаметно

+Б) Со стуком и громом

В) С музыкой

Г) Под фанфары

тест 10. Что показано на иллюстрации к сказке?

А) Царевна-лягушка приручает лебедей

Б) Царевна -лягушка спасает лебедей

В) Волшебные лебеди прилетели к своей хозяйке на помощь

+ Г) Лебеди и озеро появились из рукавов царевны-лягушки

11. Почему царевна-лягушка исчезла после пира?

+ А) Иван-царевич сжёг лягушачью кожу

Б) Злые жёны братьев сожгли лягушачью кожу

В) Её похитил Кощей Бессмертный?

Г) Вернулась к себе домой

12. Что надел Иван-царевич, отправляясь на поиски своей жены?

А) сапоги-скороходы

Б) Лапти

+ В) Железные сапоги

Г) Волшебные сапоги

13. Кого первого на своём пути встретил Иван-царевич?

А) Бабу ягу

+ Б) Старика

В) Селезня

Г) Зайца

14. Где нашёл Иван-царевич Бабу Ягу?

+ А) В избушке на курьих ножках

Б) В лесу

В) В ступе

Г) В замке Кощея Бессмертного

15. Что помогало Ивану-царевичу найти нужную дорогу?

+ А) Волшебный клубочек

Б) Карта

В) Звезда

Г) Ветер

16. Кого пощадил Иван-царевич, оставшись голодным?

А) Медведя, волка, зайца, щуку

+ Б) Медведя, селезня, зайца, щуку

В) Селезня, волка, щуку, лису

Г) Медведя, лису, селезня, щуку

17. Кто рассказал Ивану-царевичу, где смерть Кощея Бессмертного?

А) Селезень

Б) Старик

+ В) Баба Яга

Г) Царевна-лягушка

18. В чём находилась смерть Кощея Бессмертного?

+ А) В игле, игла в яйце, яйцо в утке, утка в зайце, заяц в ларце

Б) В игле, игла в яйце, яйцо в лебеде, лебедь в зайце, заяц в ларце

В) В игле, игла в яйце, яйцо в утке, утка в ларце

Г) В игле, игла в яйце, яйцо в ларце

19. Где находился ларец со смертью Кощея Бессмертного?

А) В подземелье

Б) В высокой башне

+ В) На вершине дуба

Г) На дне озера

тест-20. Как победил Иван-царевич Кощея Бессмертного?

А) Убил утку, в которой находилось яйцо с иглой

Б) Победил Кощея Бессмертного на честном поединке

В) Сжёг ларец, в котором смерть Кощея была

+ Г) Отломил у иглы кончик

Источник

Страница 11 из 56

1. О чём эта сказка? Кто её герои? К каким сказкам она относится (сказкам о животных, волшебным, бытовым)? Каковы её особенности?

Эта сказка относится к волшебным сказкам, в ней действуют волшебные герои (Василиса Премудрая. Кошей Бессмертный. Баба-яга), происходят волшебные события (перевоплощение лягушки в царевну и наоборот, смерть, таящаяся на конце иглы, танец Василисы, ее исчезновение после того, как Иван сжег лягушечью кожу, животные, говорящие по-человечески), есть волшебные предметы (ища клубочек). Главные герои сказки — Василиса Премудрая и Иван-царевич. Эта сказка о трудолюбии и упорстве, терпении и милосердии.

Смысл сказки — не суди о людях по внешности, смотри на дела, под некрасивым обличием может быть самый лучший, добрый и прекрасный человек, с красивой душой. Главное — внутренняя красота и богатство, а не внешняя оболочка. Настоящая любовь пройдёт сквозь любые испытания и обретёт счастье.

2. Как оценивал царь работу невесток? Как вы понимаете эти оценки?

Работу невесток царь оценивал справедливо, по достоинству. Боярская и купеческая дочери, кроме высокомерия, ничему не обучены, не умеют ни хлеб испечь, ни ковер соткать. Потому и подгоревший каравай царь велит псам дворовым отнести, а про сырой и кособокий, говорит, что его есть можно только от большой нужды. И ковры, сотканные старшей и средней невестками, по словам царя, годятся только лошадей от дождя покрывать да порог у ворот устлать. А вот работу Василисы царь оценивает высоко — и хлеб ее нужно только в большие праздники есть, и ковер велит только в горнице по большим праздникам расстилать.

3. Чем отличается Царевна-лягушка от других невесток? Почему её называют премудрой?

Царевна-лягушка отличается от невесток трудолюбием. Она не пользуется волшебством, когда нужно испечь хлеб и соткать ковер, не старается, как они переложить работу на других, на мамушек, нянюшек и красных девушек, а делает все собственноручно. Она не позволяет себе насмешек и высокомерия по отношению к старшей и средней невесток, в отличие от них.

4. Кто помогает Ивану-царевичу найти Василису Премудрую?

У Ивана-царевича много Помощников. Это и старичок, подаривший ему волшебный клубочек, и Баба-яга рассказавшая о том, где таится смерть Кощея, и животные, которых он пожалел в пути.

5. Найдите в сказке фрагменты, которые читаются ритмично, как стихотворение, и подумайте, зачем они введены в сказку. Например: «Махнула левым рукавом — стало озеро, махнула правым — поплыли по озеру белые лебеди… »

Такие фрагменты придают сказке напевность, особую сказовую манеру. Например, «где кольнет иглой раз — цветок зацветет, где кольнет другой раз — хитрые узоры идут, где кольнет третий — птицы летят..», «..катится клубочек по высоким горам, катится по темным лесам, катится по зеленым лугам, катится по топким болотам, катится по глухим местам..», «тот дуб, вершиной в облака упирается, корни на сто.верст в земле раскинул, ветками красное солнце закрыл» и др.

6. Обратите внимание на то, как начинается и завершается сказка. Есть ли у неё присказка, зачин, концовка? Есть ли повторы, эпитеты, гиперболы и какую роль они выполняют?

Присказки нет., есть зачин (в некотором царстве, в некотором государстве жил-был царь, и было у него три сына, старый старичок), есть концовка (и стали они жить дружно, в любви и согласии). В сказке много повторов (пустил стрелу старший брат, пустил стрелу средний брат, пустил стрелу Пван-паревич, подумал-подумал, шел-щшел), эпитеты, в том числе и постоянные (широкий двор, тугие луки, чистое поле, красной девицей, ковер узорчатый), гиперболы.(третью пару железных сапог истер, третий железный хлеб изгрыз, дуб … ветками красное солнце закрыл, поднялся великий стук да гром — весь дворец затрясся, зашатался). Все эти средства придают сказке красочность, делают ее более выразительной.

Все художественные средства делают повествование образнее, интереснее, ярче и конкретнее.

7. Можно ли считать незаслуженно забытыми слова: печалиться, тужить, кручиниться, слово мудрёное, молвить, дивиться, снарядиться? Подберите к ним синонимы.

Да на мой взгляд, эти слова незаслуженно забыты:

тужить — горевать,
кручиниться — тосковать, печалиться,
слово мудреное — то, над которым нужно подумать, поломать голову,
молвить — сказать,
дивиться — удивляться,
снарядиться — собраться.
Значение этих слов понятно и без словаря, а звучат они по-особенному, придают речи плавность, напевность.

8. Почему сказка называется «Царевна-лягушка»?

Сказка называется «Царевна-лягушка», потому что царевна-лягушка, то есть Василиса Премудрая — это центральный персонаж сказки, вокруг которого строится основное повествование. В ней же: запечатлены те черты, которые испокон веков считались главными в женщине, в человеке: трудолюбие, скромность, доброта, терпение, достоинство.

9. Известно, что сказка «Царевна-лягушка» имеет 24 варианта. Один из лучших вариантов этой сказки включён в вашу хрестоматию. Знаете ли вы другие варианты? Какая между ними разница?

В одном из вариантов сказки царь в качестве испытания велит сначала сшить рубаху, потом испечь хлеб, а затем зовет к себе на пир. Василиса Премудрая выполняет задания с помощью мамок нянек, с помощью волшебства. Добавлен эпизод когда старшая и средняя невестки посылают служанку, чтобы та подсмотрела, как лягушка-царевна печет хлеб, и та прознав об этом, проявляет хитрость: нарочно делает так как не нужно (ломает печь, заливает тесто з образовавшуюся дыру). В варианте, предложенном в мультимедийном приложении, вообще нет никаких испытаний, показан только царский пир и танец Василисы Премудрой. Кощей Бессмертный не упоминается, а Василиса покидает мужа, сильно рассердившись на него за то, что тот сжег лягушечью кожу. Животные тоже несколько иные: вместо селезня — соколиха, вместо зайца — рак. Эпизода со старичком вовсе нет. Баба-яга оказывается матерью лягушки и помогает Ивану, а в яичке скрывается благосклонность Василисы: съев его., она говорит, что скучает по мужу и хочет его увидеть.

10. Прочитайте сказку «Чего на свете не бывает». Определите, к какому виду сказок она относится. Над кем она «смеётся»?

Сказка «Чего на свете не бывает», относится к бытовым сказкам. Действующие лица в ней — люди. События происходят в обыденной, повседневной обстановке, никакого волшебства в ней нет. Эта сказка «смеется» прежде всего над спесью, высокомерием и тщеславием барина, которому легче деньги отдать. Нежели признать, что барин может у холопа пеленки стирать, над его глупостью и жадностью.

Живое слово

Сочините сказку и расскажите ее в классе. Выберите, к какому виду она будет относиться. В ней должны быть присказка, зачин, концовка.

Источник

К какому виду сказок относится «Царевна-лягушка»? Почему?

Synopsis[edit]

Analysis[edit]

Tale type[edit]

Species of animal bride[edit]

Role of the animal bride[edit]

A totemic figure?[edit]

Other motifs[edit]

Variants[edit]

Russia[edit]

Czech Republic[edit]

Ukraine[edit]

Finland[edit]

Azerbaijan[edit]

Poland[edit]

Other regions[edit]

Adaptations[edit]

Culture[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

Synopsis[edit]

Analysis[edit]

Tale type[edit]

Species of animal bride[edit]

Role of the animal bride[edit]

A totemic figure?[edit]

Other motifs[edit]

Variants[edit]

Russia[edit]

Czech Republic[edit]

Ukraine[edit]

Finland[edit]

Azerbaijan[edit]

Poland[edit]

Other regions[edit]

Adaptations[edit]

Culture[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

1. О чём эта сказка? Кто её герои? К каким сказкам она относится (сказкам о животных, волшебным, бытовым)? Каковы её особенности?

2. Как оценивал царь работу невесток? Как вы понимаете эти оценки?

3. Чем отличается Царевна-лягушка от других невесток? Почему её называют премудрой?

4. Кто помогает Ивану-царевичу найти Василису Премудрую?

7. Можно ли считать незаслуженно забытыми слова: печалиться, тужить, кручиниться, слово мудрёное, молвить, дивиться, снарядиться? Подберите к ним синонимы.

8. Почему сказка называется «Царевна-лягушка»?

10. Прочитайте сказку «Чего на свете не бывает». Определите, к какому виду сказок она относится. Над кем она «смеётся»?

Живое слово

Сочините сказку и расскажите ее в классе. Выберите, к какому виду она будет относиться. В ней должны быть присказка, зачин, концовка.

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